Liver Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

What is Liver Cancer?

Liver cancer is a disease where cells in the liver grow out of control. The liver is a vital organ that helps your body digest food and remove toxins. When cancer starts in the liver, it is called primary liver cancer. Sometimes, cancer from other parts of the body can spread to the liver. This is known as secondary or metastatic liver cancer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), liver cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Early detection is important for better outcomes.

Common Symptoms of Liver Cancer

Liver cancer symptoms can be hard to notice at first. However, as the disease grows, you may see changes in your body. Early signs are often mild, but they can become more serious over time. Watch for these common symptoms:

Unexplained weight loss

Loss of appetite

Feeling very full after small meals

Ongoing pain in the upper right side of the belly

Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)

Swelling in the belly

Nausea or vomiting

Weakness or tiredness

Because these symptoms can also be caused by other health problems, it is important to see a doctor if you notice them. Early liver cancer diagnosis can improve treatment success.

Causes and Risk Factors

Many things can increase your risk of liver cancer. Some causes are linked to long-term liver damage. Others are related to lifestyle or infections. Here are some common risk factors:

Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C viruses

Heavy alcohol use over many years

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)

Family history of liver cancer

Obesity and diabetes

Exposure to certain chemicals, such as aflatoxins

Smoking

For example, people living in areas with high rates of hepatitis B or C, such as parts of Asia and Africa, have a higher risk. But anyone can develop liver cancer, so regular check-ups are important.

How Liver Cancer is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to diagnose liver cancer. First, they may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they will do a physical exam. If liver cancer is suspected, these tests may be used:

Blood tests to check liver function and look for tumor markers

Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI

Biopsy, where a small piece of liver tissue is removed and checked for cancer cells

Early liver cancer diagnosis helps doctors choose the best treatment. If you have risk factors, regular screening may help find cancer early.

Treatment Options for Liver Cancer

Liver cancer treatment options depend on the stage of the disease and your overall health. Your doctor will discuss the best plan for you. Common treatments include:

Surgery to remove the tumor or part of the liver

Liver transplant, which replaces the diseased liver with a healthy one

Local treatments, such as ablation or embolization, to destroy cancer cells

Radiation therapy to target and kill cancer cells

Chemotherapy or targeted drug therapy

Immunotherapy to help your body fight cancer

Sometimes, a combination of treatments is used. New therapies are being studied to improve liver cancer treatment options. Always talk to your healthcare team about side effects and recovery.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk of liver cancer by making healthy choices. Here are some tips for preventing liver cancer:

Get vaccinated against hepatitis B

Avoid sharing needles or personal items that may spread hepatitis

Limit alcohol use

Maintain a healthy weight

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables

Exercise regularly

Avoid smoking

See your doctor for regular check-ups, especially if you have liver disease

In addition, safe food storage can help prevent exposure to aflatoxins, which are toxins from mold that can grow on grains and nuts.

In summary, knowing the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for liver cancer can help you stay informed. Early action and healthy habits can make a big difference.

Consult a healthcare specialist at Shree Shyam Clinic for personalized advice on liver cancer.